Uses of Pronoun References I Uses of Pronoun Reference HSC এর সহজ নিয়ম I ইংরেজি ২য় পত্র I এইচএসসি পরীক্ষার প্রস্তুতি I Pronoun references for HSC

 

Uses of Pronoun Reference

1. কোন Singular ব্যক্তিবাচক Noun কে Pronoun করলে Subject এ he/she, Object এ him/her এবং Possessive এ his/her হয়। যেমন-

i) The student is very inactive. They must fail in examination. Ans: He

ii) I taught Imran properly. They did not follow my lecture. Ans: He

iii) The student should follow their duty. Ans: his

2. কোন Singular বস্তুবাচক Noun কে Pronoun করলে Subject এ  It, Object  এ It এবং Possessive  its হয়। যেমন-

i) Dhaka is an old city. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. Ans: It.

ii) I have bought a mobile phone from Dubai. The mobile phone is very exceptional. Ans: It

3. কোন Plural ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু বাচক Noun কে Pronoun করলে Subject এ they হয়, Object এ them হয় এবং possessive এ their হয়।যেমন-

i) The children of our village are very active. It will do better in future. Ans: They

ii) I have read many books in my student life. It taught me the lifestyle. Ans: They

iii) I have seen many friends during my life. They are not conscious of one's rights. Ans: their

iv) The queen of Sheba brought with her two garlands. She placed it before the king. Ans: them

4. কোন কিছু নির্দিষ্ট করে বোঝালে Pronoun এর পরিবর্তে Noun বসে এবং ঐ Noun পূর্বে the বসে।

যেমন-

i) Once upon a time there lived a rich man who bought a necklace for his wife. Unfortunately, it was lost. Ans: the necklace.

ii) The man went to a famous teacher in order to learn English. He tried his best to teach him.

Ans: The teacher.

5. Relative Pronoun এর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যক্তির পরিবর্তে Who, বস্তুর বা ইতর প্রাণীর পরিবর্তে Which, ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু কোন কিছু না বোঝা গেলে that বসে। আর Possessive এর ক্ষেত্রে Whose এবং Object এর ক্ষেত্রে Whom বসে।যেমন-

i) There lived a man in a village which had a great attraction to English.

Ans: who.

ii) Once upon a time there were many animals in the world who were very beautiful to look at. Ans: which

iii) I know the girl whom father is a doctor. Ans: whose.

6. Every, each, either, neither ইত্যাদি Singular. তাই এর পরে Possessive singular হয়।যেমন-

i) Every teacher and every principal should do their duty. Ans: his

ii) Either Noman or Aman did their homework. Ans: his

iii) Neither the teachers nor the principal has succeeded in his attempt. Ans: their

7. Subject singular হলে Possessive singular হয় এবং Subject plural হলে Possessive plural হয়। যেমন-

i) The students have done his duties.Ans: their.

ii) Farhana has completed their tasks.Ans: her.

8. দুই এর মধ্যে বোঝাতে Each other এবং দুই এর অধিক এর মধ্যে বোঝাতে one another হয়। যেমন:

i) Salam and Salma loves one another. Ans: each other

ii) Kamla, Tamim and Manik help each other. Ans: one another

9. One এর Possessive form one's. His/her/their one এর Possessive form নয়। যেমন:

i) One should do his duty. Ans: one's

ii) One will try at his best to reach the goal. Ans: one's

10. পূর্বের Sentence এ Possessive যুক্ত Noun থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence এ Pronoun না বসে Noun বসে এবং ঐ Noun এর পূর্বে the বসে।যেমন:

i) The king killed a widow's son with an arrow. She was shocked at the incident. Ans: The widow

ii) The teacher punished his brother's daughter. He was astonished. Ans : The brother

 

Exercise: Computer is a wonderful invention of mode science. Nowadays, no civilized nation can think even a day without it. As it is utterly important in our day-to-day life, one should get more access to it. Its necessity is immeasurable. We must have wide knowledge about it. Trade or commerce, science or technology everything in the world is unthinkable the help of computer. We must take the advantage of it. No one can keep pace with the fast changing world without getting this. Most of us in our  country do not have any knowledge of computer. Computer literacy is must for the students for the all-round development of any nation. So we must provide computer to them.

Answer:  Computer is a wonderful invention of mode science. Nowadays, no civilized nation can think even a day without computer. As it is utterly important in our day-to-day life, we should get more access to it. Its necessity is immeasurable. We must have wide knowledge about its necessity. Trade or commerce, science or technology everything in the world is unthinkable the help of computer. We must take the advantage of it. No one can keep pace with the fast changing world without getting this advantage. Most of us in our country do not have any knowledge of computer. Computer literacy is must for the students for the all-round development of any nation. So we must provide computer to those students.

Exercise: Mandela left public life in June 2004 telling his adoring countrymen not to call them. Regarding it, Nadine Gordimer said. “He is at the epicenter of his time, our in South Africa and your, wherever you are”.

Answer: Mandela left public life in June 2004 telling his adoring countrymen not to call him. Regarding him, Nadine Gordimer said. “He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa and yours, wherever you are”.

Exercise: Teaching is a profession who is full of challenge. I want to be a teacher because you like working with children. But my father argues that one cannot make much money from it. He wants me to look after their farms instead. But this does not inspire me much.

Answer: Teaching is a profession which is full of challenge. I want to be a teacher because I like working with children. But my father argues that I cannot make much money from teaching. He wants me to look after his farms instead. But farming does not inspire me much.

Exercise: Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. They are our best friends. They introduce them to the life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. These are having an active voice. We know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through it. They make the noblemen alive in the world forever.

Answer: Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. Books are our best friends. The books introduce us to the life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. The books are having an active voice. We know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through these books. Books make the noblemen alive in the world forever.

Pronoun references I Pronoun Reference HSC এর সহজ নিয়ম I ইংরেজি ২য় পত্র I এইচএসসি পরীক্ষার প্রস্তুতি I Pronoun references for HSC

 

Pronoun Reference

 Pro শব্দের অর্থ হল পরিবর্তে। আর Noun অর্থ নাম অর্থাৎ যে Word কোন Noun এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Pronoun বলে।

যেমন-

i) Mead  is a good boy. He is a good student.

ii) The book is fine. It is very costly.

iii) Boys are playing. They are innocent.

Pronoun ৮ প্রকার যথা:

1. Personal Pronoun.

2. Demonstrative Pronoun.

3. Interrogative Pronoun.

4. Relative Pronoun.

5. Indefinite Pronoun.

6. Distributive Pronoun.

7. Reflexive Pronoun.

8. Reciprocal Pronoun.

Personal Pronoun: যে Pronoun কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Personal Pronoun বলে। যেমন- I, we, you, he, she, it, they, me, us, him, her, them, my, our, your, his, its, their etc.

Example:

I) Imran is intelligent. He is very active.

ii) I know Mim. I will help her.

iii) Fida's friend is a doctor. Her friend is very active.

Demonstrative Pronoun: যে Pronoun কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর পরিবর্তে বসে উহাকে নিদের্শ করে তাকে Demonstrative Pronoun বলে। যেমন-This, that etc.
Example :

i)                   The book is costly. This is my book.

ii)                 I have bought a mobile phone. That is ultra-modern.

iii)               These apples are ripe.

iv)               I prefer those shoes over here

Interrogative Pronoun: যে Pronoun দ্বারা কোন প্রশ্ন জিজ্ঞাসা করা হয় তাকে Interrogative Pronoun বলে। যেমন-Who, which, what whose, whom etc.

Example:

i) Nabila is an intelligent girl in the college.

➡Who is an intelligent girl in the college?

ii) I like black dress.

➡Which dress do you like?

Relative Pronoun: যে Pronoun কোন Noun এর পরে বসে পূর্ববর্তী Noun এর সাথে সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে এবং দুটি Sentence কে যোগ করে তাকে Relative Pronoun বলে।

যেমন-Who, which, that, what, whose, whom etc..

Example:

i) I know the boy who is honest.

ii) The bird which is very fine has been brought from America.

iii) I know the girl whose father is a doctor.

Indefinite Pronoun: যে Pronoun কোন অনির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Indefinite Pronoun বলে।যেমন-One, none, other, another, many, few, some, several, all, both etc.

Example:

i) One should do one's duty.

ii) All are honest.

iii) Some are stupid.

iv) Many have tried, but few have succeeded.

v) Fida would follow you anywhere.

vi) We tried everything but nothing worked.

vii) Little is known about the ancient civilization.

viii) Something smells really good in the kitchen.
Distributive Pronoun: যে Pronoun দুই বা ততোধিক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে প্রত্যেকটিকে আলাদা করে বোঝায় তাকে Distributive Pronoun বলে। যেমন-Every, each, either, neither, Both, Any etc.

Example:

i) Each of the boys is present.

ii) Every mother loves her child.

iii) Neither pen will do.

iv) Neither solution is up to the mark.

v) Everyone on the committee agreed to the voting.  

vi) Any of the students is illegible.

Reflexive pronoun: যে Pronoun এর শেষে self/selves যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Reflexive pronoun বলে। যেমন-Myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, etc.

Example:

i) Panna fans herself.

ii) They killed themselves.

Reciprocal pronoun: যে Pronoun দুই বা ততোধিক ব্যক্তির মধ্যে পরস্পর কে বোঝায় তাকে Reciprocal pronoun বলে। যেমন-Each other, one another etc.

Example:

i) The two boys help each other.

ii) They love one another.

iii) The kids spent the afternoon kicking the ball to one another.

iv) We give each other gifts during the holidays.

Rules of Pronoun Reference

Rule-1:  কোন জড় পদার্থ বা ধারণার পরিবর্তে It বসে।

Example: Here is your pen. Take it.

Rule-2: পুরুষ বা মহিলা হিসাবে চিহ্নিত করা যায় না এ ধরণের প্রাণীর ক্ষেত্রে It বসে।

Example: This is a dog. It is faithful animal.

Rule-3: ছোট শিশুর পরিবর্তে It বসে।

Example: I have a child. It is fine.

Rule-4: পূর্বে উল্লেখিত কোন বিবৃতির পরিবর্তে It বসে।

Example: Kabir Hossain told a story and he knew it properly.        

Rule-5: কোন Noun বা Pronoun কে জোর দিয়ে উল্লেখ করতে বা গুরুত্ব প্রদানের জন্য It ব্যবহার হয়।
Example: It is Rabiul who is my brother.

Rule-6: Impersonal verb এর Subject হিসেবে It ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example: It is raining.

Rule-7: সময় বা আবহাওয়া নিদের্শ করতে It ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:

It is 5 o'clock

It is winter season.

Rule-8: Verb 'to be' এর পরে Real subject থাকলে এর পূর্বে Provisional subject হিসেবে It ব্যবহৃত হয়। 

Example: It is easy to go there.

Rule-9: Person বা ব্যক্তি বোঝাতে who= কে বা কারা, whom = কাকে, whose = কার বা কাদের ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example: Who are you? Whose is this pen?

Rule-10: কোন বিষয়কে নির্দিষ্ট বা ইশারা করে বোঝাতে Demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these, those etc. ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example: This is a book. That is my pen.

Rule-11: কর্তা ও কর্ম এক হলে Reflexive Pronoun হয়।

Example: I enjoyed the play myself.

Rule-12: কর্তা কারো সাহায্য ছাড়া নিজেই কাজ করছে, ইহা জোর দেয়ার জন্য Emphatic Pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। এগুলো Subject বা Object এর পরে বসে।

Example: I myself saw him.

Rule-13: কর্তা একাই কাজ করছে, এরূপ বোঝাতে Reflexive Pronoun এর পূর্বে by বসে।

Example: Tanjila did the work by herself.

Rule-14: কিছু Verb যেমন- avail, absent, exert, pride ইত্যাদি Reflexive Pronoun কে Object রূপে গ্রহণ করে।

Example: They should avail themselves of the golden offer.