Oct 21, 2020

Assignment on Principles of Education-Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) and Education * Bachelor of Education assignment

 In the name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Most Beneficent  

Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) and Education

Introduction:

Islam has, from its inception, placed a high premium on education and has enjoyed a long and rich intellectual tradition. Knowledge ('ilm) occupies a significant position within Islam, as evidenced by the more than 800 references to it in Islam's most revered book, the Holy Quran.

The importance of education is repeatedly emphasized in the Koran with frequent injunctions, such as "God will exalt those of you who believe and those who have knowledge to high degrees" (58:11), "O my Lord! Increase me in knowledge" (20:114), and "As God has taught him, so let him write" (2:282). Such verses provide a forceful stimulus for the Islamic community to strive for education and learning. It places great stress on seeking knowledge and education.

Generally speaking, one can't find the proper right path in this world, this is true in all times and places. Knowledge is very important for two reasons. Firstly, it makes the man a right thinker; no one can think properly without having a fair amount of education. It also helps man to take the right decision. Secondly, Knowledge is that only through gaining many levels of education, man is able to gain more information from the external world. In fact, Islam called upon seeking out knowledge on all the levels. The first word of the Qur`an, revealed by God to prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was read, which highlights the importance of science and learning. The prophet (PBUH) said: seeking knowledge is a compulsory on every Muslim.

The Importance of Education in Islam:

To seek knowledge is a sacred duty; it is obligatory on every Muslim, male and female. The first word revealed of the Qur?an was "Iqra" READ! Seek knowledge! Educate yourselves! Be educated. Surah Al-Zumr, ayah 9 reveals: "Are those equal, those who know and those who do not know?" Surah Al-Baqarah, ayah 269 reveals: "Allah grants wisdom to whom He pleases and to whom wisdom is granted indeed he receives an overflowing benefit."

Education in the context of Islam is regarded as a process that involves the complete person, including the rational, spiritual, and social dimensions. As noted by Syed Muhammad al-Naquib al-Attas in 1979, the comprehensive and integrated approach to education in Islam is directed toward the "balanced growth of the total personality…through training Man's spirit, intellect, rational self, feelings and bodily senses…such that faith is infused into the whole of his personality" (p. 158). In Islamic educational theory knowledge is gained in order to actualize and perfect all dimensions of the human being. From an Islamic perspective the highest and most useful model of perfection is the prophet Muhammad, and the goal of Islamic education is that people be able to live as he lived. To ascertain truth by reason alone is restrictive, according to Islam, because spiritual and temporal reality are two sides of the same sphere. Many Muslim educationists argue that favoring reason at the expense of spirituality interferes with balanced growth. Exclusive training of the intellect, for example, is inadequate in developing and refining elements of love, kindness, compassion, and selflessness, which have an altogether spiritual ambiance and can be engaged only by processes of spiritual training.

Education in Islam is twofold: acquiring intellectual knowledge (through the application of reason and logic) and developing spiritual knowledge (derived from divine revelation and spiritual experience). According to the worldview of Islam, provision in education must be made equally for both. Acquiring knowledge in Islam is not intended as an end but as a means to stimulate a more elevated moral and spiritual consciousness, leading to faith and righteous action.

The Holy Koran is no barren in this context. In Quran alone there are 704 verses in which either the word ilm or the words of the same derivation are used in the following order:- a'lam 49 times, al-ilm 80 times, a'lamu 11 times, alim 162 times, a'lim 13 times, ilman 14 times, i'lamu 27 times, ma'lum and ma'lumat 13 times, ya'lamun 85 times, ya'lamu 93 times, ta'lamun 56 times. Pen and books are essential aids of knowledge, and for them, the qalam occurs 2 times and al-kitab 230 times. In addition, a number of words related to writing, like kataba, katabna, kutiba, katib, yaktubu, naktubu are used in a number of verses. The total number of the Koranic verses using the words related to writing is 319, and the word kitab for the Koran is used on 81 different occasions. This is enough to show to what extent knowledge and the means of its acquisition are emphasized in the Quran that had been excellently elaborated in the precious sayings of Muhammad.

Practical Educational Principles in Islam:

1. Evaluation of Educational Materials:

 The content of education is evaluated in a way that assure avoiding extremism which may terminate in bodily harms, or even sometimes psychological abnormalities.

2. Encouraging the Sense of Self-respect:

 In Islamic education methods stimulate educator to develop a sense of self-respect. A teacher, therefore, should make his students aware of the facts around them. A teacher and educator should also consider students as trusts of God, entrusted to him/her in order to be taught the best material by the best method and to be trained in the best manner.

 3. Attentiveness toward freedom in action:

 Giving the attention to the role of “free choice” in the human motion toward perfection, instructions are given the opportunity for freedom in action, instead of pushing him/her into passivity.

4. Observing the principle of graduality:

 Considering graduality of human progress whethe atural or acquired into account, a teacher has to be aware about what the students’ age and natural/social factors necessitate. Accordingly, teacher has to try to elevate the instructed gradually and step by step, without expecting swift and sudden jumps.

 5. Flexibility:

 Since individual and group differ, the observation of flexibility is a must in both programming curriculum and its enforcement.

 6. Giving priority to what is more important:

 Educators play a significant role in growing young students and enhancing their potentialities. They have to take the expedience of each and every learner into account, as well as what is suitable for the whole of the Islamic society and the human society in general. Therefore, planners of curriculum and teachers should steer clear of programs and courses that waste time or record low compared to superior goals. Also, they have to pay more attention to the effective issues concerning with human eternal well-being and teach them more suitably.

 7. Natural and social knowledge:

 Islam pays more attention to students' age and mental requirements as well as society’s needs and possibilities before introducing natural, mathematical, and social sciences to a curriculum.

 The teachings of Islam encourage people to pursue knowledge; and hold people of knowledge in highly remarkable place.

Prophet Muhammad & his theories of Education:

Prophet Muhammad pattern of educational communication with his family, friends, followers and enemies enabled him to increase his support and to strengthen his position to deliver his message of Islam. Over twenty-three years of delivering the call of Allah (God in Arabic), Prophet Muhammad developed educational communication patterns to educate people to learn about Islam.

This research is to investigate Prophet Muhammad educational patterns of communicating with individuals and masses.

The Prophet Muhammad emphasized the importance of Education. In the annals of human history, we hardly get another man who laid that emphasis on Education as did Muhammad. As the Supreme Head of the first Islamic State, he decreed Education as incumbent on all people, male or female. Talk of compulsory education is not innovation of our modernists. Muhammad had declared it compulsory almost immediately after the establishment of the City State of Madeenah. It was in the very second year of the establishment of the Madeenistic Regime that his Law regarding Compulsory Education began to be implemented with all his vigour and force possible for a nascent state. And like a practical realist he also warns his people to save themselves from ‘knowledge which is of no use’. In other words, he asked you to separate the kernel from the husk and to distinguish the substance from the shadow. And pray, also look at the breath of the vision of this great Revolutionary. He orders to take the good from everywhere one gets it and further counsels that knowledge is the lost of wealth of a believer and commands to acquire it whatever its source. So long as the Muslims kept up this breadth of vision they were the torchbearers of light and learning and were considered the norm to judge the various grades of cultures and civilizations of the world.

The Prophet Muhammad declared equality and brotherhood of man. He was not content with just preaching it, but practised it. One of his closest companions was a former Negro slave, Bilaal; one of his trusted lieutenants was an Iranian called Salmaan; to name a third Suhayb of Rome. Each coming from different directions, of different languages, and of different heritage. But in their Teacher's company they were all companions, equal to each other without distinction. Color and country did not stand in the way of Muhammad's revolutionary and all embracing brotherhood

The prophet Muhammad reported that seeking knowledge has its principles and its stages; so whoever fails to acquire or seek knowledge based on these principles and on this gradation of seeking knowledge such will fail to acquire it. And this is an issue was emphasized hoping to drive this into the hearts of the students of knowledge and those who have knowledge, and that is to acquire knowledge piecemeal, bit by bit, over the passage of time. As was said by the famous scholar Ibn Shihab Az-Zuhri, "Whoever aims to acquire knowledge all at once, it will leave him all at once. Rather knowledge should be acquired over the passage of days and nights" Muhammad's interest in education can also be judged from the tradition as quoted by Ibn Sa'd in "Tabaqat" that among the Meccan prisoners taken in the battle of Badr, there were many who could not pay for their liberty; and the literate among them however were ordered by the Prophet to teach at least ten illiterate Muslim children as a ransom. Zaid bin Thabit, who later one became famous as one of the scribes of the Koranic revelations, learned reading and writing in this way. It is also worthwhile to mention that Muhammad encouraged the learning of foreign languages, and thus Zaid bin Thabit is also reputed to have learnt Persian, Greek, Ethiopian, Aramaic and Hebrew. According to H.E. Barnes in "A History of Historical Writings"(Oklahoma, 1937, p. 93), "In many ways the most advanced civilization of the Middle Ages was not a Christian culture at all, but rather the civilization of the people of the faith of Islam."

Prophet Muhammad's teachings are also given below:-

* Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave.

* The ink of the scholar is more holy than the blood of martyr.

* The acquisition of knowledge is a duty incumbent on every Muslim, male and female.

* He does not die, who takes learning.

* The worst of men is a bad learned man, and a good learned man is the best.

* To listen to the words of the learned and to instil into the lessons of science is better than religious exercises.

* Acquire knowledge; it enables the possessor to distinguish right from wrong; it guides us to happiness; it sustains us in misery; it is an ornament among friends, and an armour against enemies.

* Excessive knowledge is better than excessive praying.

* Whoso honours the learned, honours me.

* One learned man is harder on the devil than a thousand ignorant worshippers.

* The superiority of a learned man over an ignorant worshipper is like that of the full moon over all the stars.

* People are like mines of gold and silver. The more excellent of them in Islam are those who attain knowledge.

* Knowledge is maintained only through teaching.

* The learned ones are the heirs of the prophets. They have knowledge as their inheritance; and he who inherits it, he inherits a great fortune.

* The only cure for ignorance is to ask.

* One scholar has more power over the devil than a thousand devout men.

Conclusion:

Islam is a religion based upon knowledge. The text of the Quran is replete with verses inviting man to use his intellect, to ponder, to think and to know, for the goal of human life is to discover the Truth which is none other than worshipping God in His Oneness. The Hadith literature is also full of references to the importance of knowledge. Such sayings of the Prophet as "Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave", (Hadith) and "Verily the men of knowledge are the inheritors of the prophets". The Prophet used to teach the Sunnah to his companions in word and deed, and urged them to follow it, as he said in his hadeeth: “Adhere to my Sunnah” and “Whoever neglects my Sunnah does not belong to me.” ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Mas’ood narrated that the Prophet Muhammad said: “There is no Prophet whom Allaah sent to any nation before me, but he had disciples from among his nation, and companions who followed his Sunnah and obeyed his commands.” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 71.The Prophet Muhammad lived according to the Qur'an, he was the true spirit of the Qur'an. This was so that others would follow his example and because it is the way Allah has commanded man to behave. The goal was to make the companions of the Prophet and Believers adopt a way of life that was of a True Muslim. The Prophet did not only preach about importance of knowledge, he also gave examples of promoting knowledge. In the very first battle between the Muslims and unbelievers or Mecca, known as the war of Badr, the Muslims gain victory and caught seventy kuffars as prisoners of war. One of the criteria of releasing the POWs devised by the Prophet was that those who were literate among the pris­oners could go free if they teach ten Mus­lim children how to read and write. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "If anyone travels on a road in search of knowledge, God will cause him to travel on one of the roads of Paradise. The angels will lower their wings in their great pleasure with one who seeks knowledge. The inhabitants of the heavens and the Earth and (even) the fish in the deep waters will ask forgiveness for the learned man. The superiority of the learned over the devout is like that of the moon, on the night when it is full, over the rest of the stars. The learned are the heirs of the Prophets, and the Prophets leave (no monetary inheritance), they leave only knowledge, and he who takes it takes an abundant portion.

 REFERENCES

ABDULLAH, ABDUL-RAHMAN SALIH. 1982. Educational Theory: A Qur'anic Outlook. Makkah, Saudi Arabia: Umm al-Qura University Press.

NASR, SEYYED HOSSEIN. 1984. "The Islamic Philosophers' Views on Education." Muslim Education Quarterly 2 (4):5–16.

SHALABY, AHMED. 1954. History of Muslim Education. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kashaf.

TIBAWI, ABDUL LATIF. 1972. Islamic Education. London: Luzac.

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*āĻšে āĻˆāĻŽাāĻ¨āĻĻাāĻ°āĻ—āĻŖ! āĻ¤োāĻŽāĻ°া āĻ†āĻ˛্āĻ˛াāĻšāĻ•ে āĻ­ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ°ো āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸ুāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ•েā§Ÿা āĻ†āĻ›ে, āĻ¤া āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ো, āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ¤োāĻŽāĻ°া āĻˆāĻŽাāĻ¨āĻĻাāĻ° āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĨাāĻ•।(āĻ¸ূāĻ°া āĻ†āĻ˛ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻŦাāĻ°াāĻš - ā§¨ā§­ā§Ž)

 -------------------------------------Bangla Translation------------------------------

āĻšāĻ¯āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ (āĻ¸াঃ) āĻ“ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা

āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া:

āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻĨেāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ‰āĻš্āĻš āĻĒ্āĻ°িāĻŽিāĻ¯়াāĻŽ āĻ°েāĻ–েāĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻĻীāĻ°্āĻ˜ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŽৃāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āĻ§িāĻ• traditionāĻ¤িāĻš্āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ­োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ে। āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ ('āĻ‡āĻ˛āĻŽ) āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻ¨িāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে, āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨āĻŸি āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦাāĻ§িāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻ¨িāĻ¤ āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ āĻ•োāĻ°াāĻ¨ে āĻāĻ° ā§Žā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŸিāĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŽাāĻŖিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। āĻ•ুāĻ°āĻ†āĻ¨ে āĻŦাāĻ°āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ†āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ¨িāĻˇেāĻ§েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ°āĻŦাāĻ° āĻœোāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে, āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ "youāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻ¤োāĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ¯াāĻ°া believeāĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¨েāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻ‰āĻš্āĻš āĻĄিāĻ—্āĻ°ীāĻ¤ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ°াāĻ–েāĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻ¨ীāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦেāĻ¨" (ā§Ģā§Ž:ā§§ā§§), "āĻšে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ°āĻŦ! āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ে āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āĻ§ি āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨" (20: 114), āĻāĻŦং "āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ himāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻļিāĻ–িāĻ¯়েāĻ›েāĻ¨, āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻ¸ে āĻ˛িāĻ–ুāĻ•" (2: 282)। āĻ āĻœাāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় āĻ†āĻ¯়াāĻ¤ āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽী āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻাāĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ“ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯়াāĻ¸ āĻœোāĻ° āĻœোāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻŸি āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ¨েāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšুāĻ° āĻšাāĻĒ āĻĻেāĻ¯়। āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻ—েāĻ˛ে, āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāĻ¤ে āĻ•েāĻ‰ āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ• āĻĒāĻĨ āĻ–ুঁāĻœে āĻĒাāĻŦে āĻ¨া, āĻāĻŸি āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ˛ে āĻāĻŦং āĻœাāĻ¯়āĻ—াāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯। āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖে āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤, āĻāĻŸি āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ• āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤াāĻŦিāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤োāĻ˛ে; āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖে āĻĒāĻĄ়াāĻļোāĻ¨া āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ•েāĻ‰ āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া। āĻāĻŸি āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇāĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ• āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻ§াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীāĻ¯়āĻ¤, āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻš'āĻ˛ āĻ•েāĻŦāĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻŦāĻšু āĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻ°েāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽেāĻ‡ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ āĻŦাāĻš্āĻ¯িāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŽ āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•ৃāĻ¤āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে, āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻ°েāĻ° āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻš্āĻŦাāĻ¨ āĻœাāĻ¨িāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। ProphetāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ (āĻ¸া।) - āĻāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ•āĻŸ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļিāĻ¤ āĻ•ুāĻ°āĻ†āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি āĻĒāĻĄ়েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻ¯া āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ“ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ¤ুāĻ˛ে āĻ§āĻ°ে। āĻ¨āĻŦী (āĻ¸াঃ) āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›েāĻ¨: āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ• āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻ¤াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ•।

āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦ:

āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻĒāĻŦিāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŦ্āĻ¯; āĻāĻŸি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŸি āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛িāĻŽ, āĻ¨āĻ°-āĻ¨াāĻ°ীāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ°āĻ¯। āĻ•ুāĻ°āĻ†āĻ¨ুāĻ˛ āĻ•াāĻ°ীāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি āĻ¨াāĻ¯িāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛ "āĻ‡āĻ•āĻ°া" āĻĒāĻĄ়ুāĻ¨! āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨! āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ•ে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨! āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¤. āĻ¸ূāĻ°া āĻœুāĻŽāĻ°, āĻ†āĻ¯়াāĻ¤ 9 āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ে: "āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ¨, āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻœাāĻ¨ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻœাāĻ¨ে āĻ¨া āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ•ি āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ¨?" āĻ¸ূāĻ°া āĻŦাāĻ•াāĻ°াāĻ° ā§¨ 26ā§¯ āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻ†āĻ¯়াāĻ¤ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে: "āĻ†āĻ˛্āĻ˛াāĻš āĻ¯াāĻ•ে āĻ‡āĻš্āĻ›া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻœ্āĻžা āĻĻাāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯াāĻ•ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻĻাāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¸ে āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­ূāĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ˛াāĻ­ āĻ•āĻ°ে।"

āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ•ে āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤, āĻ†āĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸াāĻŽাāĻœিāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ°া āĻ¸āĻš āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻœāĻĄ়িāĻ¤। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸ৈāĻ¯়āĻĻ āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ†āĻ˛-āĻ¨াāĻ•িāĻŦ āĻ†āĻ˛-āĻ†āĻ¤্āĻ¤াāĻ¸ ā§§ā§¯ 1979ā§¯ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨, āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ¸ংāĻšāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻ¤ি "āĻŽোāĻŸ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻˇāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļেāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšাāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯় ... āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖেāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া, āĻŦুāĻĻ্āĻ§ি, āĻ¯ৌāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ¸্āĻŦ, āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ­ূāĻ¤ি āĻāĻŦং āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ• āĻ¸ংāĻŦেāĻĻāĻ¨… āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ faithāĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ—্āĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻĒুāĻ°োāĻŸাāĻ¤ে āĻ¨িāĻŽāĻ—্āĻ¨ p "(āĻĒৃāĻˇ্āĻ া 158)। āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽী āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ°া āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦাāĻ¯়āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨িāĻ–ুঁāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽী āĻĻৃāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻ•োāĻŖ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦোāĻš্āĻš āĻ“ āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ° āĻŽāĻĄেāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ, āĻāĻŦং āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽী āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻš'āĻ˛ āĻ˛োāĻ•েāĻ°া āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒেāĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ে āĻāĻ•াāĻ‡ āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻĻিāĻ¯়ে āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§, āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻ¯়িāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤া āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ° āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻĻিāĻ•। āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛িāĻŽ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻŦিāĻĻ āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻĻিāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻŽিāĻ•āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¯়āĻ•ে āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¸ুāĻˇāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļে āĻšāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸্āĻŦāĻ°ূāĻĒ, āĻŦুāĻĻ্āĻ§িāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻšেāĻŸিāĻ¯়া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĒ্āĻ°েāĻŽ, āĻĻāĻ¯়া, āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻŖা āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨িঃāĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻĻাāĻ¨āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ে āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻĒ্āĻ¤, āĻ¯া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻ†āĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ–্āĻ¯āĻ¤া āĻ°াāĻ–ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ•েāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।

āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ—ুāĻŖ: āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āĻ§িāĻ• āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ (āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ“ āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯়োāĻ—েāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে) āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°া (divineāĻļিāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­িāĻœ্āĻžāĻ¤া āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻĒ্āĻ¤)। āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻĻāĻ°্āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻļেāĻˇ āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻ¨āĻ¯় āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ¨ৈāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ•ে āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ¯় āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে faithāĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ§াāĻ°্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽেāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšাāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে।

āĻĒāĻŦিāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ•োāĻ°āĻ†āĻ¨ āĻ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻ•োāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§্āĻ¯া āĻ¨āĻ¯়। āĻāĻ•āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ•ুāĻ°āĻ†āĻ¨ে 4ā§Ļā§Ē āĻŸি āĻ†āĻ¯়াāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ‡āĻ˛āĻŽ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦা āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¸েāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨āĻ˛িāĻ–িāĻ¤ āĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে: - 49 āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ†āĻ˛-āĻ‡āĻ˛āĻŽ 80 āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ†āĻ˛্āĻ˛াāĻŽু 11 āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ†āĻ˛িāĻŽ 162 āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ†'āĻ˛িāĻŽ ā§§ā§Š āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ‡āĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨ ā§§ā§Ē āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ‡āĻ˛াāĻŽু ā§¨, āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻŽāĻ˛্āĻ˛ুāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻŽাāĻ˛ুāĻŽাāĻ¤ ā§§ā§Š āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ‡āĻ¯়াāĻ˛াāĻŽুāĻ¨ ā§Žā§Ģ āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ‡āĻ˛āĻŽু ā§¯ā§Š āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ¤েāĻ˛াāĻŽুāĻ¨ ā§Ģ times āĻŦাāĻ°। āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯়োāĻœāĻ¨ীāĻ¯় āĻ¸āĻšাāĻ¯়āĻ•, āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•্āĻŦাāĻ˛াāĻŽ 2 āĻŦাāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻ˛-āĻ•িāĻ¤াāĻŦ 230 āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ†āĻ¸ে। āĻāĻ›াāĻĄ়াāĻ“ āĻ˛েāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•িāĻ¤ āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ¯়েāĻ•āĻŸি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•াāĻŸাāĻŦা, āĻ•াāĻ¤াāĻŦāĻ¨া, āĻ•ুāĻ¤িāĻŦা, āĻ•াāĻ¤িāĻŦ, āĻ‡āĻ¯়াāĻ•āĻ¤āĻŦু, āĻ¨āĻ•্āĻ¤ুāĻŦু āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ¯়েāĻ•āĻŸি āĻļ্āĻ˛োāĻ•ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻ˛েāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•িāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ•োāĻ°াāĻ¨ীāĻ¯় āĻ†āĻ¯়াāĻ¤āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻŽোāĻŸ āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯া 319 āĻŸি āĻāĻŦং āĻ•োāĻ°াāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•িāĻ¤াāĻŦ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি 81 āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽূāĻ˛্āĻ¯āĻŦাāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে āĻ•ুāĻ°āĻ†āĻ¨ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¯ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻœোāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে āĻ¤া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŸি āĻ¯āĻĨেāĻˇ্āĻŸ।

āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°িāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¨ীāĻ¤িāĻ¸āĻŽূāĻš:

āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻĻাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŽূāĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻ¨:

 āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŽূāĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¯া āĻšāĻ°āĻŽāĻĒāĻ¨্āĻĨা āĻāĻĄ়াāĻ¨ো āĻ†āĻļ্āĻŦাāĻ¸ āĻĻেāĻ¯় āĻ¯া āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ• āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¯়āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¤িāĻ¤ে āĻŦা āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•ি āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ•āĻ¤াāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ¤েāĻ“ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।

ā§¨. āĻ†āĻ¤্āĻŽ-āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ­ূāĻ¤ি āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°া:

 āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽী āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻ¤িāĻ¤ে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻŦিāĻĻāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ¤্āĻŽ-āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŦোāĻ§ āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻŦুāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ¸ুāĻ¤āĻ°াং āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ•েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻšিāĻ¤ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ›াāĻ¤্āĻ°āĻĻেāĻ° āĻšাāĻ°āĻĒাāĻļেāĻ° āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া। āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻŦিāĻĻāĻ•েāĻ“ āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦোāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦোāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻĻাāĻ¨ āĻļেāĻ–াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦোāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻ¤িāĻ¤ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ°্āĻĨীāĻĻেāĻ° GodāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŸ্āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ‰āĻšিāĻ¤।

 ā§Š. āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻĻিāĻ¨:

 āĻĒāĻ°িāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦ āĻ—āĻ¤িāĻ¤ে "āĻ…āĻŦাāĻ§ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨্āĻĻ" āĻāĻ° āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•াāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻ¨িāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°া, āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļাāĻŦāĻ˛ী āĻ¤াāĻ•ে / āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ¯াāĻ¸িāĻ­িāĻŸিāĻ¤ে āĻ েāĻ˛ে āĻ¨া āĻĻিāĻ¯়ে āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽে āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻšāĻ¯়।

ā§Ē. āĻ§ীāĻ°ে āĻ§ীāĻ°ে āĻ¨ীāĻ¤ি āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻŦেāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖ:

 āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ—āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ§ীāĻ°ে āĻ§ীāĻ°ে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¯া atura āĻŦা āĻ…্āĻ¯াāĻ•াāĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻŸে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়, āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ°্āĻĨীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¯়āĻ¸ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ•ৃāĻ¤িāĻ• / āĻ¸াāĻŽাāĻœিāĻ• āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻ•ী āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯়োāĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¤া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ¤āĻĻāĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ে, āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻĻ্āĻ°ুāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻ•āĻ¸্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻ˛াāĻĢেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻļা āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ•ে āĻ§ীāĻ°ে āĻ§ীāĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ§াāĻĒে āĻ§াāĻĒে āĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻ¨ীāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে।

5. āĻ¨āĻŽāĻ¨ীāĻ¯়āĻ¤া:

 āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ“ āĻ—োāĻˇ্āĻ ী āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ•, āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻĒ্āĻ°োāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽিং āĻĒাāĻ ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯়োāĻ—āĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯় āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¨āĻŽāĻ¨ীāĻ¯়āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻŦেāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻœāĻ°ুāĻ°ি।

 What. āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়āĻŸিāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ§াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়া:

 āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖাāĻ°্āĻĨীāĻ°া āĻ…āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻŦāĻ¯়āĻ¸্āĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ°্āĻĨীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āĻ§ি āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¨া āĻŦাāĻĄ়াāĻ¤ে āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŸি āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŸি āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ¨āĻŦিāĻļেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻœ্āĻžāĻ¤া āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে, āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ—্āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽী āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻœ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻœেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•ি āĻ¤া āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ…āĻ¤āĻāĻŦ, āĻĒাāĻ ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ•āĻ˛্āĻĒāĻ¨াāĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻš্āĻšāĻ¤āĻ° āĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇ্āĻ¯āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨াāĻ¯় āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯় āĻ¨āĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻŦা āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ°েāĻ•āĻ°্āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°োāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽ āĻāĻŦং āĻ•োāĻ°্āĻ¸āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻˇ্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ‰āĻšিāĻ¤। āĻāĻ›াāĻĄ়াāĻ“, āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻšিāĻ°āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ¸ুāĻ¸্āĻĨāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•িāĻ¤ āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¸্āĻ¯ুāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻĻিāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻļেāĻ–াāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে।

 Natural. āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ•ৃāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ¸াāĻŽাāĻœিāĻ• āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨:

 āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ•ৃāĻ¤িāĻ•, āĻ—াāĻŖিāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸াāĻŽাāĻœিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨āĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻĒাāĻ ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšāĻ¯় āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ°্āĻĨীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¯়āĻ¸ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯়োāĻœāĻ¨ীāĻ¯়āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻœেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯়োāĻœāĻ¨ীāĻ¯়āĻ¤া āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¨াāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻĻেāĻ¯়।

 āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇāĻ•ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ে āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে; āĻāĻŦং āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ˛োāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ে āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻ°াāĻ–ুāĻ¨।

āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ¤āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽূāĻš:

āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦাāĻ°, āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ুāĻŦাāĻ¨্āĻ§āĻŦ, āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ী āĻāĻŦং āĻļāĻ¤্āĻ°ুāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻ¨োāĻĻāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯োāĻ—াāĻ¯োāĻ—েāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻŦাāĻĄ়াāĻ¤ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻŦাāĻŖী āĻĒৌঁāĻ›ে āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨āĻ•ে āĻļāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻļাāĻ˛ী āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŽ āĻšāĻ¨। āĻ†āĻ˛্āĻ˛াāĻšāĻ° āĻĻাāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ¤ āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻ¤েāĻ‡āĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°েāĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯় āĻ§āĻ°ে (āĻ†āĻ°āĻŦী āĻ­াāĻˇাāĻ¯় GodāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ°), āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ˛োāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻļেāĻ–াāĻ¤ে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯োāĻ—াāĻ¯োāĻ—েāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ—āĻĄ়ে āĻ¤ুāĻ˛েāĻ›িāĻ˛।

āĻāĻ‡ āĻ—āĻŦেāĻˇāĻŖাāĻŸি āĻšāĻ¯āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ¸া। āĻ“ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ“ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¯োāĻ—াāĻ¯োāĻ—েāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¨িāĻĻāĻ°্āĻļāĻ¨āĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ investigate

āĻšāĻ¯āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻ•ে āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻĻিāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦ āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸ে, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽāĻ‡ āĻĒেāĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻ¯িāĻ¨ি āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻŽুāĻšুāĻ°্āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦাāĻ°োāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽী āĻ°াāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦোāĻš্āĻš āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ•ে āĻĒুāĻ°ুāĻˇ āĻŦা āĻŽāĻšিāĻ˛া āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻাāĻ¯়āĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻ˜োāĻˇāĻŖা āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻŦাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻ¤াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ§ুāĻ¨িāĻ•āĻ¤াāĻŦাāĻĻীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ¯়। āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŽāĻĻীāĻ¨া āĻ¸িāĻŸি āĻ¸্āĻŸেāĻŸ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻˇ্āĻ াāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¯় āĻ…āĻŦিāĻ˛āĻŽ্āĻŦে āĻāĻŸি āĻŦাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻ¤াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ˜োāĻˇāĻŖা āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻŽেāĻĄেāĻ¨িāĻ¸্āĻŸিāĻ• āĻ°েāĻœিāĻŽ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻˇ্āĻ াāĻ° āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāĻ°ে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻ¤াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ¸ংāĻ•্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻŸি āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻœোāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ¯়ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨āĻŦāĻœাāĻ¤āĻ• āĻ°াāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ°েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻļāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯়োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦ āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻŦাāĻĻীāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ˛োāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে ‘āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ¯া āĻ•োāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•াāĻœে āĻ†āĻ¸ে āĻ¨া’ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦাঁāĻšাāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°্āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻĨাāĻ¯়, āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨াāĻ•ে āĻ•ুঁāĻšি āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¨েāĻ˛āĻŸি āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāĻĻাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•ে āĻ›াāĻ¯়া āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨, āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻšাāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻĒ্āĻ˛āĻŦীāĻ° āĻĻৃāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻ° āĻ¨িঃāĻļ্āĻŦাāĻ¸ āĻ¤াāĻ•াāĻ“। āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ¯েāĻĻিāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ¤া āĻĒেāĻ¯়ে āĻ¯াāĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻ–াāĻ¨ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻĻ্āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻেāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻļ āĻĻেāĻ¨ āĻ¯ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽুāĻŽিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ§āĻ¨-āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āĻ¨āĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¸ āĻ¯া āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻšোāĻ• āĻ¤া āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ†āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻেāĻ¯়। āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ°া āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻৃāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻļāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻŸিāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸াāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻšāĻ¤ āĻ°েāĻ–েāĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖে āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ†āĻ˛োāĻ• āĻ“ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻŽāĻļাāĻ˛াāĻĻাāĻ° āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ¸ংāĻ¸্āĻ•ৃāĻ¤ি āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻ­্āĻ¯āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°্āĻļ āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤।

āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻŽ্āĻ¯ āĻ“ āĻ­্āĻ°াāĻ¤ৃāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ˜োāĻˇāĻŖা āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ•েāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻŸি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšাāĻ°ে āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¤ুāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¨া, āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻāĻŸি āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻļীāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ•āĻŸāĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻšāĻšāĻ°āĻĻেāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ•্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ¨িāĻ—্āĻ°ো āĻ•্āĻ°ীāĻ¤āĻĻাāĻ¸, āĻŦিāĻ˛াāĻ˛; āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻ˛েāĻĢāĻŸেāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻŸāĻĻেāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¸াāĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ°াāĻ¨ী; āĻ°োāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ¤ৃāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় āĻ¸ুāĻšাāĻ¯়āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻĻিāĻ•, āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ­াāĻˇা āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ heritageāĻ¤িāĻš্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ¸ে। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ•েāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ—ে āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛েāĻ‡ āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻŦী āĻ›িāĻ˛, āĻŦিāĻ¨া āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ¨। āĻ°āĻ™ āĻ“ āĻĻেāĻļ āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻĒ্āĻ˛āĻŦী āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻ­্āĻ°াāĻ¤ৃāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻŦোāĻ§āĻ•ে āĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻĒāĻĨে āĻĻাঁāĻĄ়াāĻ¯় āĻ¨ি

āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻ¯ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻŦেāĻˇāĻŖেāĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻ¨ীāĻ¤ি āĻ“ āĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে; āĻ¸ুāĻ¤āĻ°াং āĻ¯ে āĻ•েāĻ‰ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨ীāĻ¤িāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ে āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ‡ āĻœাāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¸ে āĻāĻŸি āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŸি āĻ‡āĻ¸্āĻ¯ুāĻŸি āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ°্āĻĨীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ°ে āĻāĻŸিāĻ•ে āĻšাāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ†āĻļাāĻ¯় āĻœোāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŸি āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨āĻ•ে āĻŸুāĻ•āĻ°ো āĻŸুāĻ•āĻ°ো āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ˛েāĻŽ āĻ‡āĻŦāĻ¨ে āĻļিāĻšাāĻŦ āĻ†āĻ¯-āĻœুāĻšāĻ°ি āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨, "āĻ¯ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻāĻ•āĻŦাāĻ°ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻ°াāĻ–ে, āĻ¸ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ›েāĻĄ়ে āĻĻেāĻŦে। āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ°াāĻ¤ āĻĒেāĻ°িāĻ¯়ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ‰āĻšিāĻ¤" āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻ“ āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে "āĻ¤াāĻŦāĻ•াāĻ¤" -āĻ¤ে āĻ‡āĻŦāĻ¨ে āĻ¸া'āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻ§ৃāĻ¤ি āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ে theāĻ¤িāĻš্āĻ¯ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨ āĻ¯ে āĻŦāĻĻāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻŽāĻ•্āĻ•া āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻĻীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĻিāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨āĻ¨ি; āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ¸াāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ°āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে āĻĻāĻļ āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¨িāĻ°āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ° āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛িāĻŽ āĻļিāĻļুāĻ•ে āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻĒāĻŖ āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻĒāĻĄ়াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻœাāĻ¯়েāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻ¨ āĻĨাāĻŦিāĻ¤, āĻ¯িāĻ¨ি āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ•োāĻ°াāĻ¨ীāĻ¯় āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¤াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ• āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ি āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒāĻĄ়āĻ¤ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ˛িāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻļিāĻ–েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻāĻŸাāĻ“ āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻ¯ে, āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻ­াāĻˇা āĻļেāĻ–াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻœাāĻ¯়েāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻ¨ āĻĨাāĻŦিāĻ¤ āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¯, āĻ—্āĻ°ীāĻ•, āĻ‡āĻĨিāĻ“āĻĒীāĻ¯়, āĻ†āĻ°াāĻŽাāĻ‡āĻ• āĻāĻŦং āĻšিāĻŦ্āĻ°ু āĻ­াāĻˇাāĻ“ āĻļিāĻ–āĻ¤েāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤িāĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻāĻ‡āĻš.āĻ‡. "HistoryāĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ˛েāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻ¨ে" āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻ¨āĻ¸ (āĻ“āĻ•āĻ˛াāĻšোāĻŽা, 1937, āĻĒৃāĻˇ্āĻ া 93), "āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻ¯ুāĻ—েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦাāĻ§িāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ­্āĻ¯āĻ¤া āĻ–্āĻ°িāĻ¸্āĻŸাāĻ¨ āĻ¸ংāĻ¸্āĻ•ৃāĻ¤ি āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¨া, āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ˛োāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ­্āĻ¯āĻ¤া āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽ। "

āĻšāĻ¯āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ (āĻ¸া।) - āĻāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ“ āĻ¨ীāĻšে āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে:

* āĻœাāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŦুāĻ˛ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ•āĻŦāĻ°ে āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨।

* āĻ†āĻ˛েāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ˛ি āĻļāĻšীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ°āĻ•্āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻšেāĻ¯়ে āĻĒāĻŦিāĻ¤্āĻ°।

* āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻš'āĻ˛ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŸি āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛িāĻŽ, āĻ¨āĻ°-āĻ¨াāĻ°ীāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŦ্āĻ¯ is

* āĻ¸ে āĻŽাāĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¯় āĻ¨া, āĻ¯ে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ে।

* āĻĒুāĻ°ুāĻˇāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšেāĻ¯়ে āĻ–াāĻ°াāĻĒ āĻ˛োāĻ• āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ–াāĻ°াāĻĒ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ­াāĻ˛ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšেāĻ¯়ে āĻ¸েāĻ°া।

* āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻļোāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻļীāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽীāĻ¯় āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻļীāĻ˛āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻšেāĻ¯়ে āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻŽ।

* āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨; āĻāĻŸি āĻŽাāĻ˛িāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ­ুāĻ˛ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°ে; āĻāĻŸি āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ–েāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšাāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে; āĻāĻŸি āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻĻāĻļাāĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤োāĻ˛ে; āĻāĻŸি āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ুāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ…āĻ˛āĻ™্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻļāĻ¤্āĻ°ুāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŽ।

* āĻ…āĻ¤িāĻ°িāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻšেāĻ¯়ে āĻ…āĻ¤িāĻ°িāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻŽ।

* āĻ¯ে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে।

* āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ী āĻ˛োāĻ• āĻļāĻ¯়āĻ¤াāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻšাāĻœাāĻ° āĻ…āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ¸āĻ• āĻ…āĻĒেāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻŦেāĻļি āĻļāĻ•্āĻ¤।

* āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻœ্āĻž āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ¸āĻ•েāĻ° āĻšেāĻ¯়ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ী āĻ˛োāĻ•েāĻ° āĻļ্āĻ°েāĻˇ্āĻ āĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖিāĻŽাāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো।

* āĻ˛োāĻ•েāĻ°া āĻ¸োāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ°ৌāĻĒ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ–āĻ¨িāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো। āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻļ্āĻ°েāĻˇ্āĻ  āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে।

* āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻŦāĻœাāĻ¯় āĻ°াāĻ–া āĻšāĻ¯়।

* āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ীāĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŦীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°াāĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ°ী। āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°াāĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে; āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°াāĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°াāĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ¨।

* āĻ…āĻœ্āĻžāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ¯় āĻœিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¸া āĻ•āĻ°া।

* āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ˛েāĻŽেāĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻšাāĻœাāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽāĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻŖ āĻĒুāĻ°ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻšেāĻ¯়ে āĻļāĻ¯়āĻ¤াāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤া āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে।

āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸ংāĻšাāĻ°:

āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ­িāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ• āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽ। āĻ•ুāĻ°āĻ†āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ¯়াāĻ¤āĻŸি āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¯়াāĻ¤ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ¯া āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇāĻ•ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŦুāĻĻ্āĻ§ি āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে, āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে, āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻāĻŦং āĻœাāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ¨্āĻ¤্āĻ°āĻŖ āĻœাāĻ¨িāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛, āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻ•ে āĻ†āĻŦিāĻˇ্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯া GodāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ¸āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ›াāĻĄ়া āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯়। āĻšাāĻĻীāĻ¸ āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ“ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। āĻ¨āĻŦী (āĻ¸া।) - āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻŸি "āĻ•āĻŦুāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻ•āĻŦāĻ°ে āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨", (āĻšাāĻĻীāĻ¸) āĻāĻŦং "āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ˛োāĻ•েāĻ°া āĻ¨āĻŦীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°াāĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ°ী"। āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻŦীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ“ āĻ•াāĻœে āĻ¸ুāĻ¨্āĻ¨াāĻ¤ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻĻিāĻ¤েāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻ¤া āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ†āĻš্āĻŦাāĻ¨ āĻœাāĻ¨িāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨āĻŸি āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻšাāĻĻীāĻ¸ে āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›েāĻ¨: “āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ¨্āĻ¨াāĻšāĻ•ে āĻŽাāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨” āĻāĻŦং “āĻ¯ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ¨্āĻ¨াāĻ¤āĻ•ে āĻ…āĻŦāĻšেāĻ˛া āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¸ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯়।” ‘āĻ†āĻŦāĻĻুāĻ˛্āĻ˛াāĻš āĻ‡āĻŦāĻ¨ে āĻŽাāĻ¸āĻ‰āĻĻ āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻ¯ে, āĻšāĻ¯āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›েāĻ¨:“ āĻ†āĻ˛্āĻ˛াāĻš āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŦীāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ°েāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨āĻ¨ি, āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ āĻĨেāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻļিāĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻŦী āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ¨্āĻ¨াāĻš āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ†āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĒাāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨। ” (āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛িāĻŽ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖিāĻ¤, āĻ¨ং .ā§§। āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ•ুāĻ°āĻ†āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ে āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ¨, āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ•ুāĻ°āĻ†āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া। āĻ āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖেāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻ°া āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ˛্āĻ˛াāĻš āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨ it āĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻŦীāĻœি āĻ“ ieāĻŽাāĻ¨āĻĻাāĻ°āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻŦীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻ°াāĻ•ে āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ• āĻĒāĻĨ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯া āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯িāĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻ•েāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨āĻ¨ি, āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ“ āĻĻিāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāĻ¸ী āĻŦা āĻŽāĻ•্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§, āĻ¯ে āĻŦāĻĻāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšিāĻ¤, āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ°া āĻŦিāĻœāĻ¯় āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•ুāĻĢাāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻĻী āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻ§āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛।āĻ¨āĻŦী āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ°āĻšিāĻ¤ āĻĒাঁāĻ§া āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻ›িāĻ˛, āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻ•াāĻ°াāĻ—াāĻ°ে āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে। āĻĻāĻļ āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛েāĻŽ āĻŦাāĻš্āĻšাāĻ•ে āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒāĻĄ়āĻ¤ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ˛িāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤া āĻļিāĻ–িāĻ¯়ে āĻĻিāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¤। āĻšāĻ¯āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŽুāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ¸াāĻ˛্āĻ˛াāĻ˛্āĻ˛াāĻšু āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻšি āĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ¸াāĻ˛্āĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›েāĻ¨: "āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ•েāĻ‰ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ¯় āĻ¯াāĻ¤াāĻ¯়াāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤āĻŦে GodāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻāĻ• āĻĒāĻĨে āĻ­্āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻŦাāĻ§্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦেāĻ¨। āĻœাāĻ¨্āĻ¨াāĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি, āĻĢেāĻ°েāĻļāĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨ীāĻšু āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĻেāĻŦে āĻ¯িāĻ¨ি āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻšাāĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻšাāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ¨্āĻĻে āĻĄাāĻ¨া āĻŽেāĻ˛ে। āĻ†āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ“ āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ¸িāĻ¨্āĻĻাāĻ°া āĻāĻŦং (āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•ি) āĻ—āĻ­ীāĻ° āĻœāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ›āĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ¤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŽা āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে। āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽāĻ­āĻ•্āĻ¤āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•াāĻ°ীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻļ্āĻ°েāĻˇ্āĻ āĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻš'āĻ˛ āĻšাঁāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো, āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸি āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻšāĻ¯়, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ° āĻšেāĻ¯়ে। āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ¨āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŦী-āĻ°াāĻ¸ূāĻ˛āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°াāĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨āĻŦী-āĻ°াāĻ¸ূāĻ˛āĻ—āĻŖ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻ¨ (āĻ•োāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ°্āĻĨিāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°াāĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻ‡), āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ•েāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ°েāĻ–ে āĻ¯াāĻ¯় āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯ে āĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¸ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšুāĻ° āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻ¨েāĻ¯়।

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